Knee replacement surgery is a common solution for those suffering from chronic knee pain and limited mobility. While it can significantly improve quality of life, it’s essential to understand the potential drawbacks before making a decision.
Like any major medical procedure, knee replacement surgery has its risks and limitations. This article will help you weigh the disadvantages so you can make an informed choice.
Potential Complications of Knee Replacement Surgery
Knee replacement is a major surgical procedure, and like any surgery, it carries some risks. While most patients recover well, some may experience complications such as blood clots, infections, or nerve damage.
The recovery process can also be challenging, requiring patience, rehabilitation, and ongoing care. Additionally, even after surgery, some individuals may not achieve complete pain relief, and in rare cases, a second surgery (revision) may be necessary.
Understanding these potential downsides can help you prepare for the journey ahead. The good news is that many of these risks can be minimized with proper post-surgical care and rehabilitation. For those hesitant about surgery, exploring non-surgical treatments first may be a good option.
Blood Clots (Deep Vein Thrombosis – DVT)
Blood clot formation is a potential risk after knee replacement surgery, but doctors take preventive measures to reduce this risk.
Limited movement after surgery can cause blood to pool in the veins, increasing the likelihood of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). In rare cases, if a clot travels to the lungs, it can lead to a serious condition called a pulmonary embolism.
Doctors often recommend preventive steps such as:
- Wearing compression stockings to improve circulation
- Taking anticoagulant medications to prevent clot formation
- Moving regularly to reduce blood pooling in the veins
If a blood clot does develop, it can often be treated with blood-thinning medications.
Wound Infections
Infections after knee surgery are rare but possible. Bacteria can enter the incision site, leading to redness, swelling, and sometimes fever. In severe cases, an infection can reach the artificial knee joint, requiring additional surgery to remove or replace the implant.
Nerve or Tissue Damage
During surgery, there’s a risk of nerve damage or accidental injury to surrounding tissues. This can cause numbness, tingling, or weakness in the leg. While some nerve damage is temporary, in rare cases, it can lead to permanent loss of sensation or muscle function.
Top 5 Disadvantages of Knee Replacement Surgery
Apart from the general risks, knee replacement surgery has specific drawbacks that may affect your decision.
1. Difficult Recovery (Pain, Swelling, and a Long Rehab Process)
Recovery from knee replacement surgery can take several months. Many patients experience:
- Pain and swelling in the knee joint
- Difficulty bending or straightening the knee
- Stiffness, especially in the morning or after sitting for long periods
- A long rehabilitation process involving physical therapy and home exercises
Commitment to rehabilitation is crucial, but even with proper care, some patients continue to experience discomfort for years after surgery.
2. Need for Revisions (Second Surgery May Be Required)
Knee replacement surgery is not a permanent solution—implants typically last 15 to 20 years. For younger or highly active patients, implant wear or loosening may require revision surgery.
In cases where arthritis develops at an early age, delaying surgery may help minimize the need for multiple procedures over a lifetime.
3. High Cost & Insurance Factors
Knee replacement surgery can be costly, and while insurance may cover some expenses, it’s worth comparing the long-term costs of surgery with non-surgical treatment options like physical therapy or injections. The financial burden can be significant, especially for those without full insurance coverage.
4. Mobility Limitations (Certain Activities May Be Restricted)
Even after successful surgery, knee function may not be fully restored. Some common limitations include:
- Difficulty kneeling or squatting
- Avoiding high-impact activities like running or jumping
- Reduced flexibility in the knee joint
Although many patients regain mobility, the new knee may not feel as natural as a real joint.
5. Infection & Implant Risks
Another possible disadvantage of knee replacement surgery is the potential for post-procedural infection. While infections are rare, they can occur at the incision site or deep within the artificial knee joint.
After surgery, it’s important to monitor your knee for any signs of infection, including:
- Increased pain that doesn’t improve with medication
- Redness or warmth around the incision site
- Swelling that worsens instead of getting better
- Unusual discharge or pus from the incision
- Fever or chills, which could indicate a more serious infection
If you notice any of these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately. Early treatment with antibiotics can prevent the infection from spreading and reduce the risk of complications. In severe cases, a deep infection may require additional surgery to remove or replace the implant.
Problems with Your New Knee: What to Expect After Surgery
Even if surgery is successful, patients may face ongoing issues with their new knee joint.
Trouble Bending the Knee
Some people find that they can’t bend their knee as much as they expected, making activities like climbing stairs or getting up from a chair difficult.
Ongoing Pain and Stiffness
Pain and stiffness may persist even months after surgery. Some patients experience discomfort due to scar tissue buildup or improper healing.
Instability When Standing or Walking
In some cases, the new knee may feel unstable, causing a wobbly or unbalanced sensation when standing or walking. This can increase the risk of falls, especially in older adults.
Physiotherapy & Exercises That May Help
Physical therapy plays a key role in recovery. Strengthening exercises and mobility training can improve function and reduce discomfort over time. Patients should work closely with a physical therapist to ensure they are following the right rehabilitation plan.
Exploring Alternative Treatment Options
Before deciding on knee replacement surgery, it’s worth considering non-surgical treatments that may relieve pain and improve mobility.
Physical Therapy
A structured physical therapy program can strengthen the muscles around the knee, reducing pain and improving function.
Weight Management
Excess weight puts extra stress on the knee joints. Losing even a small amount of weight can reduce pain and delay the need for surgery.
Pain Relief Treatments (Injections & Medications)
- Cortisone injections can provide temporary relief for knee pain.
- Hyaluronic acid injections may improve joint lubrication.
- Over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage symptoms.
How Long Does a Knee Replacement Last?
Most knee replacements last 15 to 20+ years, but this depends on factors like age, activity level, and overall health.
When Might a Revision Surgery Be Needed?
- Implant wear and tear over time
- Loosening or shifting of the implant
- Severe infection or complications
While revision surgery is less common, younger patients who undergo knee replacement may need a second procedure later in life.
Final Thoughts: Is Knee Replacement Right for You?
Knee replacement surgery has helped millions of people regain mobility and live pain-free lives. However, it’s essential to understand the potential downsides before making a decision.
- The recovery process is long and challenging
- Surgery carries risks like infection, blood clots, and implant failure
- Some patients experience ongoing stiffness or discomfort
- Non-surgical treatments may be worth exploring first
If you’re considering knee replacement, talk to your doctor about your specific condition. Understanding the risks and benefits will help you make the best choice for your long-term health.
